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What is Flutter?
Google's open-source UI toolkit. Write once in Dart, deploy to iOS, Android, Web, Desktop — with pixel-perfect UI across all platforms.
Google2018Dart LanguageCross-platformBSD License
🔄 How Flutter Works
📋 Flutter Development Flow
1
👨💻Developer
Write Dart code once — UI, logic, and state all in one language
2
⚙️Flutter SDK
Compile Dart code → Native ARM/x86 machine code (AOT compilation for production)
3
🎨Flutter Engine
Skia / Impeller graphics engine draws every pixel on the canvas directly
4
🌳Widget Tree
Build UI from nested Widgets: StatelessWidget + StatefulWidget compose the screen
5
🔄State Management
setState / Provider / Riverpod / Bloc triggers widget rebuild on data change
6
📡Platform Channel
Call native features (camera, GPS, BLE) via MethodChannel to iOS/Android API
7
📦Build System
flutter build apk (Android) / flutter build ios (iOS) / flutter build web (Web)
8
🏪App Store
Submit to App Store / Google Play — same team, same codebase, two stores
🧩 Widget Types
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StatelessWidget
UI that never changes after build. Props-only, no internal state. Fast and simple.
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StatefulWidget
UI that can change. Has a State object that calls setState() to trigger rebuild.
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Layout Widgets
Container, Row, Column, Stack, Expanded, Padding — arrange children on screen.
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Material / Cupertino
Material Design (Android style) or Cupertino (iOS style) built-in component libraries.
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Custom Widget
Any combination of widgets can be extracted into a reusable custom widget class.
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Navigator / Router
Navigate between screens with Navigator.push() or go_router for named routes.
🔄 State Management Options
setState()BeginnerSimplest. Only for single widget. No sharing between screens.
ProviderIntermediateInheritedWidget wrapper. Easy, popular, officially recommended.
RiverpodIntermediate+Improved Provider. Compile-time safe, testable, modern approach.
Bloc / CubitAdvancedBusiness Logic Component. Clear separation, great for large teams.
GetXEasy/All-in-oneMinimal boilerplate. Includes state, navigation, DI in one package.
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