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What is Flutter?

Google's open-source UI toolkit. Write once in Dart, deploy to iOS, Android, Web, Desktop — with pixel-perfect UI across all platforms.

Google2018Dart LanguageCross-platformBSD License

🔄 How Flutter Works

🎯Dart CodeOne codebasefor all platforms🐦Flutter EngineSkia / ImpellerRenders own pixelsNo native widgets60/120 fps🤖AndroidAPK / AAB🍎iOS / macOSIPA / App Store🌐Web / DesktopChrome / WindowsWidget TreeMaterialAppScaffoldAppBar | BodyColumn → RowText Image ButtonEverything is a Widget✅ Same UI code → Pixel-perfect on every platform

📋 Flutter Development Flow

1
👨‍💻Developer
Write Dart code once — UI, logic, and state all in one language
2
⚙️Flutter SDK
Compile Dart code → Native ARM/x86 machine code (AOT compilation for production)
3
🎨Flutter Engine
Skia / Impeller graphics engine draws every pixel on the canvas directly
4
🌳Widget Tree
Build UI from nested Widgets: StatelessWidget + StatefulWidget compose the screen
5
🔄State Management
setState / Provider / Riverpod / Bloc triggers widget rebuild on data change
6
📡Platform Channel
Call native features (camera, GPS, BLE) via MethodChannel to iOS/Android API
7
📦Build System
flutter build apk (Android) / flutter build ios (iOS) / flutter build web (Web)
8
🏪App Store
Submit to App Store / Google Play — same team, same codebase, two stores

🧩 Widget Types

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StatelessWidget

UI that never changes after build. Props-only, no internal state. Fast and simple.

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StatefulWidget

UI that can change. Has a State object that calls setState() to trigger rebuild.

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Layout Widgets

Container, Row, Column, Stack, Expanded, Padding — arrange children on screen.

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Material / Cupertino

Material Design (Android style) or Cupertino (iOS style) built-in component libraries.

Custom Widget

Any combination of widgets can be extracted into a reusable custom widget class.

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Navigator / Router

Navigate between screens with Navigator.push() or go_router for named routes.

🔄 State Management Options

setState()BeginnerSimplest. Only for single widget. No sharing between screens.
ProviderIntermediateInheritedWidget wrapper. Easy, popular, officially recommended.
RiverpodIntermediate+Improved Provider. Compile-time safe, testable, modern approach.
Bloc / CubitAdvancedBusiness Logic Component. Clear separation, great for large teams.
GetXEasy/All-in-oneMinimal boilerplate. Includes state, navigation, DI in one package.

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